Universal design principles

Universal Design is the design and composition of an environment so that it can be accessed, understood and used to the greatest extent possible by all people regardless of their age, size, ability or disability.

Principles of Safe, Obvious and Step-free (SOS)

Designing for universal access means accounting for humans, in all of their varied capabilities and states. The principles of safe, obvious and step-free (SOS) incorporate human variation, so that planners and designers can incorporate universal access into their projects.

PNG: Principles of planning and design for pedestrians

Applying the seven pedestrian network characteristics can also be a useful way to ensuring environments are walking friendly.

PNG: Pedestrian network characteristics

Also refer to the NZ Building Code for access route requirements when your project interfaces with buildings.

Access routes - NZ Building Code(external link)

For ramps and infrastructure design associated with the access route see the PNG Paths guidance.

PNG: Footpath design geometry - gradient

It is important that safe, obvious, step-free routes are provided as a priority on the most important pedestrian routes in towns and cities.

Key features

Key universal design features in a walking environment are:

Footpaths and ramps

Clear through routes where pedestrians are separated from faster modes such as bicycles and scooters
Slip resistant and even, well-maintained surfaces free from obstacles and trip hazards
Gentle gradient ramps without tight corners
Enough turning space for mobility devices

PNG: Design - Paths

Crossings and intersections

Smooth transitions to crossings via kerb ramps or blended kerbs
Obvious as to which road users have right of way, with zebra or signal-controlled crossings on key desire lines
Enough time for pedestrians to safely cross
Tactile indicators to warn and direct pedestrians

PNG: Design - Crossings

PNG: Design - Intersections

Street furniture and wayfinding

Strong tonal contrast between street furniture and pavements
Use texture and colour contrast to provide pathway guidance
Use audible or tactile indicators to provide warning or wayfinding information
Clear signage with appropriate colour contrast and font